Channel estimation, data detection and carrier frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) plays an important role in the implementation of high data rate communication. In this thesis, the problems of data detection and channel and carrier frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems are studied. Multi-symbol non-coherent data detection is studied which performs data detection by processing multiple symbols without the knowledge of the channel impulse response (CIR). For coherent data detection, the CIR needs to be estimated. Our objective in this thesis is to work on blind channel estimators which can extract the CIR using just one block of received OFDM data. A blind channel estimator for (Single Input Multi Output) SIMO OFDM systems is derived. The conditions under which the estimator is identifiable is studied and solutions to resolve the phase ambiguity of the proposed estimator are given.A channel estimator for superimposed OFDM systems is proposed and its CRB is derived. The idea of simultaneous transmission of pilot and data symbols on each subcarrier, the so called superimposed technique, introduces the efficient use of bandwidth in OFDM context. Pilot symbols can be added to data symbols to enable CIR estimation without sacrificing the data rate. Despite the many advantages of OFDM, it suffers from sensitivity to carrier frequency offset (CFO). CFO destroys the orthogonality between the subcarriers. Thus, it is necessary for the receiver to estimate and compensate for the frequency offset. Several high accuracy estimators are derived. These include CFO estimators, as well as a joint iterative channel/CFO estimator/data detector for superimposed OFDM. The objective is to achieve CFO estimation with using just one OFDM block of received data and without the knowledge of CIR

Evaluación de intervenciones para la revitalización de la decadencia urbana del barrio de Jomhouri de Teherán según el enfoque de gestión de crisis

Aunque la decadencia urbana de las ciudades es un elemento importante y valioso; son muy vulnerables e inestables frente a los desastres naturales y, por otro lado, son considerados como capital cultural y edificios comprimidos que en realidad son un tesoro de recuerdos sociales, métodos de planificación y vida. La presente investigación con el objetivo de centrarse en la gestión de crisis y describir sus índices sobre la revitalización de la estructura de decadencia urbana, examina los factores efectivos sobre la revitalización de la estructura de decadencia urbana en el barrio de Jomhouri con el enfoque de gestión de crisis. La metodología de investigación desde el punto de vista de la naturaleza es descriptiva-analítica y mediante la comparación de los índices definidos obtenidos a partir de fundamentos teóricos, los datos relacionados se analizaron mediante el uso de métodos estadísticos y software SPSS y también se beneficia del software Expert Choice. Mediante el examen de los factores efectivos para priorizar los métodos de intervención para la estructura de descomposición, se reconocieron y clasificaron los siguientes 5 elementos basados ​​en la prioridad: Ajuste de tierra de placas (con un punto final de 0.79) como primera prioridad, ensanchamiento de caminos (con un punto final de 0.71) como segundo prioridad, consolidación del edificio (con un punto final de 0.57), reconstrucción y otorgamiento de un bono de área de piso con puntos de 0.55 y 0.49 como cuarta y quinta prioridad

Evaluación de intervenciones para la revitalización de la decadencia urbana del barrio de Jomhouri de Teherán según el enfoque de gestión de crisis

Although urban decay of cities is important and valuable items; they are very vulnerable and unstable against natural disasters and on the other hands they are regarded as cultural capital and compressed buildings that are in fact treasury of social memories, methods of planning and life. The present research with the purpose of focusing on crisis management and describing its indices on revitalization of urban decay structure, examines the effective factors on revitalization of urban decay structure in Jomhouri neighborhood with the approach of crisis management. The research methodology from viewpoint of nature is descriptive- analytical and through comparing the defined indices obtained from theoretical fundamentals, the related data were analyzed by using statistical methods and SPSS software and also it is benefit from Expert Choice software. Through examining the effective factors for prioritizing intervention methods for decay structure the following 5 items based on priority were recognized and classified: Land adjustment of plaques (with final point of 0.79) as first priority, widening roads (with final point of 0.71) as second priority, consolidation of building (with final point of 0.57), reconstruction and granting bonus floor area ratio with points of 0.55 and 0.49 as fourth and fifth priority.Aunque la decadencia urbana de las ciudades es un elemento importante y valioso; son muy vulnerables e inestables frente a los desastres naturales y, por otro lado, son considerados como capital cultural y edificios comprimidos que en realidad son un tesoro de recuerdos sociales, métodos de planificación y vida. La presente investigación con el objetivo de centrarse en la gestión de crisis y describir sus índices sobre la revitalización de la estructura de decadencia urbana, examina los factores efectivos sobre la revitalización de la estructura de decadencia urbana en el barrio de Jomhouri con el enfoque de gestión de crisis. La metodología de investigación desde el punto de vista de la naturaleza es descriptiva-analítica y mediante la comparación de los índices definidos obtenidos a partir de fundamentos teóricos, los datos relacionados se analizaron mediante el uso de métodos estadísticos y software SPSS y también se beneficia del software Expert Choice. Mediante el examen de los factores efectivos para priorizar los métodos de intervención para la estructura de descomposición, se reconocieron y clasificaron los siguientes 5 elementos basados ​​en la prioridad: Ajuste de tierra de placas (con un punto final de 0.79) como primera prioridad, ensanchamiento de caminos (con un punto final de 0.71) como segundo prioridad, consolidación del edificio (con un punto final de 0.57), reconstrucción y otorgamiento de un bono de área de piso con puntos de 0.55 y 0.49 como cuarta y quinta prioridad

Evaluación de intervenciones para la revitalización de la decadencia urbana del barrio de Jomhouri de Teherán según el enfoque de gestión de crisis

Although urban decay of cities is important and valuable items; they are very vulnerable and unstable against natural disasters and on the other hands they are regarded as cultural capital and compressed buildings that are in fact treasury of social memories, methods of planning and life. The present research with the purpose of focusing on crisis management and describing its indices on revitalization of urban decay structure, examines the effective factors on revitalization of urban decay structure in Jomhouri neighborhood with the approach of crisis management. The research methodology from viewpoint of nature is descriptive- analytical and through comparing the defined indices obtained from theoretical fundamentals, the related data were analyzed by using statistical methods and SPSS software and also it is benefit from Expert Choice software. Through examining the effective factors for prioritizing intervention methods for decay structure the following 5 items based on priority were recognized and classified: Land adjustment of plaques (with final point of 0.79) as first priority, widening roads (with final point of 0.71) as second priority, consolidation of building (with final point of 0.57), reconstruction and granting bonus floor area ratio with points of 0.55 and 0.49 as fourth and fifth priority.Aunque la decadencia urbana de las ciudades es un elemento importante y valioso; son muy vulnerables e inestables frente a los desastres naturales y, por otro lado, son considerados como capital cultural y edificios comprimidos que en realidad son un tesoro de recuerdos sociales, métodos de planificación y vida. La presente investigación con el objetivo de centrarse en la gestión de crisis y describir sus índices sobre la revitalización de la estructura de decadencia urbana, examina los factores efectivos sobre la revitalización de la estructura de decadencia urbana en el barrio de Jomhouri con el enfoque de gestión de crisis. La metodología de investigación desde el punto de vista de la naturaleza es descriptiva-analítica y mediante la comparación de los índices definidos obtenidos a partir de fundamentos teóricos, los datos relacionados se analizaron mediante el uso de métodos estadísticos y software SPSS y también se beneficia del software Expert Choice. Mediante el examen de los factores efectivos para priorizar los métodos de intervención para la estructura de descomposición, se reconocieron y clasificaron los siguientes 5 elementos basados ​​en la prioridad: Ajuste de tierra de placas (con un punto final de 0.79) como primera prioridad, ensanchamiento de caminos (con un punto final de 0.71) como segundo prioridad, consolidación del edificio (con un punto final de 0.57), reconstrucción y otorgamiento de un bono de área de piso con puntos de 0.55 y 0.49 como cuarta y quinta prioridad

Surgical Extraction of Residual CVC Guide Wire after One Year: Case Report

Complete remaining guide wire in the vascular system after CVC is very rare. For which the maximum symptom-free reporting time in studies was five months, and in our case, the patient was symptom-free for one year. The only finding was one session complaining of ear pain and mastoid tenderness two weeks after catheter placement. A 42-year-old male patient with the diagnosis of necrotizing pancreatitis and a retroperitoneal abscess was a candidate for laparotomy after ERCP. The patient was a candidate for central venous catheter insertion through the internal jugular vein before the surgery in the operating room by a third-year anesthesia resident. After one year, discovered that incidentally remaining guide wire during a follow-up MRI before pancreatitis. Which has been asymptomatic during this period. And despite the risk of rupture of the right heart and blood vessels due to possible fibrosis due to a long stay in the cardiovascular system, it is successfully removed by an endovascular surgeon. The main reasons for the incident were the non-observance of scientific and safety principles at the time of catheter insertion and the failure to perform CXR after that

The potential prognostic and therapeutic application of tissue and circulating microRNAs in cervical cancer

Cervical cancer (CC) is a common malignancy in women and a major cause of cancer- related mortality globally. Some novel biomarkers may enable the early diagnosis and monitoring of CC. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that control gene translation at a post transcriptional level. Hence the deregulation of these molecules can cause many diseases. There appears to be an association between aberrant miRNA expression and CC, but the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of CC remain unknown. The upregulation of some circulating miRNAs, e.g. miRNA-20a, miRNA-203, miRNA-21, miRNA-205, miRNA-218, and miR-485-5, as well as tissue specific-miRNAs, e.g. miR-7, miR-10a, miR-17-5p, miR-135b, miR-149 and miR-203 has been found in patients with CC. There is also growing evidence for the importance of miRNAs in the development of drug-resistance. This review therefore highlights recently published preclinical and clinical investigation performed on tissue-specific and circulating miRNAs, as potential biomarkers for the detection of patients at early stages of CC, in the prediction of prognosis, and monitoring of their response to therapy. Key word: cervical cancer, CIN, MiRNA, circulating biomarker, tissue-specific biomarker, HP

A genetic polymorphism in the CYP1B1 gene in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: an Iranian Mashhad cohort study recruited over 10 years

Background: Esophageal-cancer is the seventh most common-cause of cancer-related-deaths in men. Cytochrome-P450-family-1-subfamily-B-polypeptide-1 (CYP1B1) plays a role in the metabolism of xenobiotics, and is associated with several cancers. Here we investigated the association between a genetic-variant, CYP1B1-rs1056836, with the clinical-characteristics of patients with esophagus-squamous-cell-carcinoma (ESCC). Method: 117-patients with ESCC and 208 healthy-subjects were recruited. DNA was extracted and genotyped. Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to assess overall and progression-free survival. The relationship between clinicopathological-data, disease-prognosis, and survival, were evaluated with the genotypes. Results: the genotypic frequency for GG, GC, and CC were 58.6%, 29.8%, 11.5% respectively in the healthy subjects and 51.8%, 36.14% and 12% in the ESCC group. An association between the GG genotype and stage of ESCC was found. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a relationship between the CYP1B1-rs1056836 genetic polymorphism and clinical features of ESCC, supporting further studies in larger-populations in different-ethnic groups, taking into account potentially important environmental-factors

Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

Child growth failure (CGF), manifested as stunting, wasting, and underweight, is associated with high 5 mortality and increased risks of cognitive, physical, and metabolic impairments. Children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the highest levels of CGF globally. Here we illustrate national and subnational variation of under-5 CGF indicators across LMICs, providing 2000–2017 annual estimates mapped at a high spatial resolution and aggregated to policy-relevant administrative units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the World Health 10 Organization’s ambitious Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and rates of progress exist across regions, countries, and within countries; our maps identify areas where high prevalence persists even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where subnational disparities exist and the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning locally 15 tailored interventions and efficient directing of resources to accelerate progress in reducing CGF and its health implications